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1. A term infant is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the following is the best initial management option?
2. A 6-month-old presents with a history of cough, wheeze, and difficulty in breathing for 2 days. On examination, there are bilateral wheezes and crackles. What is the most likely cause?
3. A 9-month-old boy presents with intermittent abdominal pain, drawing up his legs, and a sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen. What is the best diagnostic investigation?
4. A 2-year-old boy has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting for 3 minutes, associated with a high fever. What is the most appropriate initial management?
5. A premature baby born at 28 weeks gestation presents with respiratory distress soon after birth. What is the most likely cause of respiratory distress in this neonate?
6. Which immune cells are deficient in a 4-month-old infant who has recurrent severe infections and failure to thrive?
7. The management of congenital hypothyroidism in a new-born detected on routine screening involves which immediate action?
8. A 15-month-old child is falling behind in weight and height. What would be your first step in evaluating this child?
9. A 4-year-old presents with persistent fever, rash, and conjunctival injection. What is the primary goal of the recommended treatment in Kawasaki disease?
10. Which of the following is the first-line drug used for managing absence seizures in children?
11. If a child with a peanut allergy experiences sudden shortness of breath, hypotension, and urticaria, which is the most appropriate first-line treatment?
12. What congenital heart defect is most commonly associated with Down syndrome?
13. Which of the following is a step-up treatment for a 10-year-old asthmatic child who is not well-controlled with a salbutamol inhaler?
14. A neonate presents with jitteriness and a blood glucose level of 1.8 mmol/L. What is the appropriate next step in treatment?
15. Which investigation confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease after a positive serological test for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies?
16. A 12-year-old boy presents with polyuria and a random blood glucose level of 17 mmol/L. What is the most appropriate immediate intervention?
17. Which feature is most characteristic of cerebral palsy in a 2-year-old child with spasticity and developmental delay?
18. A 15-year-old girl with short stature, a webbed neck, and delayed puberty is most likely to have which of the following chromosomal abnormalities?
19. A child presents with fever, vomiting, and a non-blanching rash. What is the first-line treatment while waiting for diagnostic confirmation?
20. Which of the following treatment options is recommended for a term infant with jaundice and a serum bilirubin level of 250 μmol/L on day 3 of life?
21. Which of the following statements is true regarding simple febrile seizures in children?
22. A 9-month-old boy presents with intermittent abdominal pain and a sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen. Which investigation is most useful for diagnosis?
23. A 2-year-old child with a history of prematurity has delayed milestones and increased muscle tone in the lower limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
24. A 15-year-old girl presents with short stature and delayed puberty. She has a webbed neck and widely spaced nipples. What is the most likely diagnosis?
25. A 5-year-old boy presents with a fever, headache, vomiting, and a non-blanching purpuric rash. What is the most appropriate immediate management?
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